From New Media to New Piety: The Construction of Muhammadiyah Digital Piety Ideas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/dmr.v1i2.9Keywords:
Digital Piety, Muhammadiyah, Civilized Netizen, Digital SpaceAbstract
Muktamar is the highest consultative forum in Muhammadiyah, held every five years to discuss and formulate various decisions on responding to the ummah and nationality issues. At the 48th Muktamar in 2022 in Surakarta, Muhammadiyah discussed six strategic issues, one of which was digital piety. This is very interesting because apart from Muhammadiyah, no Islamic organization in Indonesia has officially made the issue of digital piety a strategic issue to be discussed at its Muktamar. Therefore this study aims to analyze the construction of the idea of digital piety by Muhammadiyah. This study is qualitative research with a literature study approach. The data was obtained by collecting print and digital literature related to the idea of digital piety by Muhammadiyah. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive qualitative analysis model. This analysis model has three stages: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Analysis of the data obtained leads to two findings in this study. First, digital piety is interpreted by Muhammadiyah as behaving and doing activities in the digital space accompanied by morality and ethics based on Islamic values. At this level, digital piety will lead to more civilized interactions and activities in the digital space. Second, three dimensions build the construction of Muhammadiyah’s digital piety ideas, namely the ideological dimension, the normative dimension, and the internalization dimension. The three dimensions are related to one another to create a civilized digital culture.
References
Aagaard, Peter. 2019. ‘Legitimacy, Political Organization, and Communication’. In Hand¬book of Business Legitimacy: Responsibility, Ethics and Society, edited by Jacob Dahl Rend¬torff, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-68845-9_17-1.
Aditya, Zaka Firma, and Sholahuddin Al-Fatih. 2021. ‘Indonesian Constitutional Rights: Expressing and Purposing Opinions on the Internet’. The International Journal of Human Rights 25 (9): 1395–1419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1826450.
Afandi. 2022. ‘Pemerintah Anggap Isu Strategis Kesalehan Digital Muhammadiyah Kon¬struktif Dengan Konstitusi’. Muhammadiyah (blog). 20 December 2022. https:// muhammadiyah.or.id/pemerintah-anggap-isu-strategis-kesalehan-digital-muhammadi¬yah-konstruktif-dengan-konstitusi/.
Al-Zaman, Md Sayeed. 2020. ‘Islam and Online Piety in Bangladesh’. IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities) 3 (2): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.26555/ijish. v3i2.2222.
Amin, Khoirul, Mohamad Dziqie Aulia Alfarauqi, and Khusnul Khatimah. 2018. ‘Social Media, Cyber Hate, and Racism’. Komuniti : Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Teknologi Informasi 10 (1): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.23917/komuniti.v10i1.5613.
Amir, Abdul Muiz. 2019. ‘The Identity of Piety in the Digital Age (Study of the Use of Religious Symbols in Social Media)’. Islamic Studies Journal for Social Transformation 3 (1): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.28918/isjoust.v3i1.1947.
Anshori, Isa. 2020. ‘Muhammadiyah Political Theology on the Religiosity Moderation in Indonesia’. In , 767–70. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.162.
Arif, Dikdik Baehaqi, Yusuf Sapto Nugroho, Millatina, and Mila Nurmalasari. 2019.
‘Akhlakul Medsosiyah: Membangun Warga Negara Cerdas Bermedia Sosial’. In Pen¬guatan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Perguruan Tinggi, Persekolahan, Dan Kemasyarakatan Di Era Disrupsi. Surakarya: Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret. https://ppkn.fkip.uns.ac.id/ wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Dikdik-Baehaqi-Arif.-Yusuf-Sapto-Nugroho.-Millati¬na.-Linda-Nurmalasari.-Universitas-Ahmad-Dahlan.pdf.
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. 2022. ‘Profil Internet Indonesia 2022’. Jakarta.
Dellmuth, Lisa M., and Jonas Tallberg. 2021. ‘Elite Communication and the Popular Le¬gitimacy of International Organizations’. British Journal of Political Science 51 (3): 1292– 1313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123419000620.
Ekklesia, Dia Gloria. 2022. ‘Digital Civility Index dan Karakter Bangsa dalam Wacana Pembangunan’. KRITIS 31 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.24246/kritis.v31i1p1-16.
Fauzi, Niki Alma Febriana. 2019. ‘Muhammadiyah’s New Fiqh Reasoning : Constructing a Holistic Islamic Law Paradigm’. Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 15 (1): 32–54. https://doi.org/10.18196/AIIJIS.2019.0094.32-54.
Fauzi, Niki Alma Febriana, and Ayub. 2019. ‘Fikih Informasi : Muhammadiyah’s Perspec¬tive on Guidance in Using Social Media’. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 9 (2): 267–93. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v9i2.267-293.
Febriansyah, M. Raihan, Arief Budiman Ch, Yazid. R Passandre, M. Amir Nashiruddin, Widyastuti, and Imron Nasri. 2013. Muhammadiyah: 100 Tahun Menyinari Negeri. Yogy¬akarta: Majelis Pustaka dan Informasi Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah.
Fernando, Zico Junius, Pujiyono, Umi Rozah, and Nur Rochaeti. 2022. ‘The Freedom of Expression in Indonesia’. Cogent Social Sciences 8 (1): 2103944. https://doi.org/10.1080 /23311886.2022.2103944.
Nurfitria, Nadia (2023). ‘Hybridisation of Muslim Millennials’ Religious Identity in the Digital Era’. In Digital Muslim Review 1(1), 36-45. Https://doi.org/10.32678/dmr.v1i1.5
Haque, Mainul, Nor Azlina A Rahman, Md Anwarul Azim Majumder, Seraj Zohurul Haque, Zubair M Kamal, Zakirul Islam, ATM Emdadul Haque, Nor Iza A Rahman, and Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi. 2016. ‘Internet Use and Addiction among Medical Stu¬dents of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia’. Psychology Research and Behavior Man¬agement 9 (December): 297–307. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S119275.
Hartono, Bambang, I. Ketut Seregig, and Budi Wibowo. 2021. ‘Strategies in Counter¬ing Hoax and Hate Speech in Indonesia’. Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 4 (2): 134–44. https://doi.org/10.22225/scj.4.2.2021.134-144.
Husein, Fatimah, and Martin Slama. 2018. ‘Online Piety and Its Discontent: Revisiting Islamic Anxieties on Indonesian Social Media’. Indonesia and the Malay World 46 (134): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1415056.
Ichwani, Tia, Ameilia Damayanti, and Rianto. 2019. ‘Hate Speech and Hoax Phenome¬nons in Indonesia’s Social Media: Utilization in Getting Company Profits’. Asian Journal of Behavioural Sciences 1 (2): 17–27.
Islamy, Athoillah. 2021. ‘Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Dalam Kode Etik Netizen Muhammadiyah’. Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan 1 (2): 197–210. https://doi.org/10.52738/pjk.v1i2.51.
Karmila, Pipi, and Dasim Budimansyah. 2022. ‘Digital Racism: A New Form of Racism, A Threat to the Integrity of the Nation’. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/as¬sehr.k.220108.054.
Kay, Avi. 2018. ‘Erikson Online: Identity and Pseudospeciation in the Internet Age’. Iden¬tity 18 (4): 264–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2018.1523732.
Krisna, Dina Febrianti, Putu Wuri Handayani, and Fatimah Azzahro. 2019. ‘The Ante¬cedents of Hashtag and Geotag Use in Smart Tourism: Case Study in Indonesia’. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 24 (12): 1141–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665 .2019.1665559.
Kumar, G. Madhan, and M. Mullai. 2022. ‘Modeling Social Media Addiction with Case Detection and Treatment’. Stochastic Analysis and Applications, June, 1–32. https://doi.or g/10.1080/07362994.2022.2087677.
Kuncoro, Wahyu. 2021. ‘Ambivalence, Virtual Piety, and Rebranding: Social Media Uses among Tablighi Jama’at in Indonesia’. CyberOrient 15 (1): 206–30. https://doi. org/10.1002/cyo2.12.
Lengauer, Dayana. 2018. ‘Sharing Semangat Taqwa: Social Media and Digital Islamic So¬cialities in Bandung’. Indonesia and the Malay World 46 (134): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1 080/13639811.2018.1415276.
Masduki. 2022. ‘Cyber-Troops, Digital Attacks, and Media Freedom in Indonesia’. Asian Journal of Communication 32 (3): 218–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2022.2062 609.
Microsoft. 2021. ‘Digital Civility Index & Our Challenge’. 2021. https://www.microsoft. com/en-us/online-safety/digital-civility.
Midden, Eva, and Sandra Ponzanesi. 2013. ‘Digital Faiths: An Analysis of the Online Practices of Muslim Women in the Netherlands’. Women’s Studies International Forum, Pregnant politicians and sexy fathers? The politics of gender equality representations in Europe, 41 (November): 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.07.012.
Miles, Matthew. B, and A. Michael Huberman. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis. Second. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Miski, Miski, and Ali Hamdan. 2021. ‘Posting Hadis Dan Kesalehan Digital: Mengurai Fenomena Keberagamaan Generasi Milenial’. Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith 11 (2): 283–306. https://doi.org/10.15642/mutawatir.2021.11.2.283-306.
Muhid, Abdul, Moch Hadi, Aris Fanani, Ahmad Arifin, and Ahmad Hanif. 2019. ‘The Effect of Hate Speech Exposure on Religious Intolerance Among Indonesian Muslim Teenagers’. In , 39–44. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/adics-elssh-19.2019.31.
Mustafa, Esra Ahmed Abdulhalim (2023). ‘The Thirst for Islamic Knowledge in the Dig¬ital Era’. In Digital Muslim Review 1(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.32678/dmr.v1i1.12.
Najamudin, Athoilah Aly. 2021. ‘Ritual Kesalehan Virtual Di Musim Pandemi ( Studi Kasus Ngaji Online Media Di Youtube)’. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama (JISA) 4 (2): 96–112. https://doi.org/10.30829/jisa.v4i2.9750.
Nashir, Haedar, Dadang Kahmad, Muchlas, Widyastuti, Arief Budiman Ch, David Efendi, Eko Triyanto, et al. 2022. Ensiklopedia Muhammadiyah 2.0: Membangun Indonesia Berkemajuan. Yogyakarta: Majelis Pustaka dan Informasi Pengurus Pusat Muham¬madiyah.
Ohno, Shiroh. 2016. ‘Internet Escapism and Addiction among Japanese Senior High School Students’. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 9 (4): 399–406. https:// doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2016.1226911.
Paterson, Thomas. 2019. ‘Indonesian Cyberspace Expansion: A Double-Edged Sword’. Journal of Cyber Policy 4 (2): 216–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2019.1627476.
Pfetsch, Jan S. 2017. ‘Empathic Skills and Cyberbullying: Relationship of Different Meas¬ures of Empathy to Cyberbullying in Comparison to Offline Bullying Among Young Adults’. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 178 (1): 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221 325.2016.1256155.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2017. ‘Akhlakul Sosmediyah Warga Muhammadiyah’. Majelis Pustaka dan Informasi Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. http://m.muhammadiyah. or.id/muhfile/download/KODE%20ETIK%20NETIZMU-.pdf.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2022a. ‘Tanfidz Keputusan Muktamar Ke-48 Muham¬madiyah Tahun 2022’. Surakarta. https://muhammadiyah.or.id/download/tanfidz-ke¬putusan-muktamar-ke-48-muhammadiyah-tahun-2022.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2022b. ‘Mewujudkan Kesalehan Digital Di Media So¬sial’. Muhammadiyah. 18 April 2022. https://muhammadiyah.or.id/mewujudkan-kesale¬han-digital-di-media-sosial/.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2022c. ‘Pusat Studi Muhammadiyah Dorong Remaja Masjid Miliki Kesalehan Digital’. Muhammadiyah. 17 July 2022. https://muhammadiyah. or.id/pusat-studi-muhammadiyah-dorong-remaja-masjid-miliki-kesalehan-digital/.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2022d. ‘Prihatin Pada Rendahnya Keadaban Netizen, Muhammadiyah Garap Isu Kesalehan Digital’. Muhammadiyah. 19 December 2022. https://muhammadiyah.or.id/prihatin-pada-rendahnya-keadaban-netizen-muham¬madiyah-garap-isu-kesalehan-digital/.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2022e. ‘Pemerintah Anggap Isu Strategis Kesalehan Digital Muhammadiyah Konstruktif Dengan Konstitusi’. Muhammadiyah. 20 December 2022. https://muhammadiyah.or.id/pemerintah-anggap-isu-strategis-kesalehan-digi¬tal-muhammadiyah-konstruktif-dengan-konstitusi/.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. 2023. ‘Kesopanan Warganet Rendah, Muhammadi¬yah Ingin Menciptakan Kesalihan Digital’. Muhammadiyah. 8 February 2023. https:// muhammadiyah.or.id/kesopanan-warganet-rendah-muhammadiyah-ingin-mencipta¬kan-kesalihan-digital/.
Pramujiono, Agung, Mimas Ardhianti, Amelia Widya Hanindita, Nur Rohmah, and Ferra Dian Andanty. 2022. ‘Are Indonesian Netizens Really Uncivilized? Indonesian Neti¬zen’s Response to MSP’s Inauguration as Chairman of Brin Main Board’. In KnE Social Sciences, 165–82. Knowledge E. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i19.12439.
Qodir, Zuly, Hasse Jubba, Mega Hidayati, Irwan Abdullah, and Ahmad Sunawari Long. 2020. ‘A Progressive Islamic Movement and Its Response to the Issues of the Ummah’. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 10 (2): 323–52. https://doi.org/10.18326/ ijims.v10i2.323-352.
Reer, Felix, Ruth Festl, and Thorsten Quandt. 2021. ‘Investigating Problematic Social Me¬dia and Game Use in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Younger Adults’. Behaviour & Information Technology 40 (8): 776–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/014 4929X.2020.1724333.
Sáez Martín, Alejandro, Arturo Haro de Rosario, and María Del Carmen Caba Pérez. 2015. ‘Using Twitter for Dialogic Communication: Local Government Strategies in the European Union’. Local Government Studies 41 (3): 421–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/03 003930.2014.991866.
Salam, Aprinus. 2018. ‘The Hoax Phenomenon in Indonesian Society: Observing An¬ti-Diversity Memes since 2014’. Humaniora 30 (3): 315–24. https://doi.org/10.22146/ jh.38891.
Sheanoda, Veronica, and Kay Bussey. 2021. ‘Victims of Cyberbullying: An Examination of Social Cognitive Processes Associated with Cyberbullying Victimization’. Journal of School Violence 20 (4): 567–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2021.1984933.
Slama, Martin. 2017. ‘Social Media and Islamic Practice: Indonesian Ways of Being Dig¬itally Pious’. In Digital Indonesia: Connectivity and Divergence, edited by Edwin Jurriens and Ross Tapsell, 146–62. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. https://www. cambridge.org/core/books/digital-indonesia/social-media-and-islamic-practice-indo¬nesian-ways-of-being-digitally-pious/42A17F6B70C8808FC9616073C1FFE483.
Soehada, Moh, Muhammad Azhar, Saptoni, Ruslan Fariadi, Niki Alma Febriana Fauzi, Robi H Abror, and Amirudin. 2019. Fikih Informasi (Fiqh Al-I’lam). Yogyakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah.
Stone, Jeffrey A., Kimberly J. Flanders, and S. Hakan Can. 2022. ‘Strategic Communication? Measurement and Evaluation of Twitter Use among Municipal Governments’. Govern¬ment Information Quarterly 39 (4): 101755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101755.
Suara Muhammadiyah. 2017. ‘Kode Etik NetizMu’. 21 August 2017. https://suaramu-hammadiyah.id/2017/08/21/kode-etik-netizmu/.
Surwandono, and M. Elfan Kaukab. 2021. ‘Relevansi Fiqh Informasi Muhammadiyah Da¬lam Pengelolaan Hoax Dalam Era Disrupsi Informasi’. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UNSIQ 8 (3): 283–90. https://doi.org/10.32699/ppkm.v8i3.1842.
Sutarno, and Afri Mardicko. 2021. ‘Kode Etik Netizen Muhammadiyah: Implementasi Dan Respon NetizenMu Di Lampung’. Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 11 (1): 202–2024.
Syahputra, Iswandi. 2021. ‘The Rise of Political Hatred in Twitter Conversations of In¬donesian Netizens’. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 6 (1): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v6i1.518.
Tabroni, Roni. 2020. Masyarakat Digital: Melawan Hoax Melalui Akhlak Bermedia Sosial. Ja¬karta: Majelis Pustaka dan Informasi Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah.
Tallberg, Jonas, and Michael Zürn. 2019. ‘The Legitimacy and Legitimation of Interna¬tional Organizations: Introduction and Framework’. The Review of International Organiza¬tions 14 (4): 581–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-018-9330-7.
Wahib, Ahmad Bunyan. 2012. ‘Online Piety: Maintaining Piety Through The Internet of Indonesian Salafi Activist’. In Transformation of Research in Islamic Studies, edited by Ah¬mad Faisal bin Abdul Hamid, Wan Adli Wan Ramli, and Syahadatul Hafizah Abdullah, First Edition, 399–406. Kuala Lumpur: Postgraduate Division Academy of Islamic Studies University of Malaya.
Wood, Meghan, Hayden Center, and Stacy C. Parenteau. 2016. ‘Social Media Addiction and Psychological Adjustment: Religiosity and Spirituality in the Age of Social Media’. Mental Health, Religion & Culture 19 (9): 972–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2 017.1300791.
Yudarwati, Gregoria A., Ignatius A. Putranto, and Kate M. Delmo. 2022. ‘Examining the Indonesian Government’s Social Media Use for Disaster Risk Communication’. Asian Journal of Communication 32 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2021.200727 4.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Mualimin, Shakhzod Tokhirov, Nada Ramadhana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.