Indonesian Muslim Societies in the Digital Age
Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/dmr.v2i2.46Keywords:
Digital age, opportunities, challenges, Muslim societies, IndonesiaAbstract
The digital era has revolutionised daily life by integrating work, education, communication, entertainment, and commerce. This shift profoundly affects communities with strong cultural and religious identities, such as Muslims in Indonesia. This study explores the opportunities and challenges faced by Indonesian Muslims in adapting to digital transformation. Key challenges include limited technology access, ethical concerns in digital content, and potential threats to religious and cultural identity. Employing a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, the study finds that digital technology improves educational access, fosters economic growth through e-commerce, and strengthens Islamic da’wah. However, digital inequality, moral dilemmas, and cultural erosion remain pressing issues. To address these, strategic recommendations include enhancing digital literacy, creating relevant Islamic content, leveraging social media for da’wah, and promoting innovation in Islamic business. These findings aim to help Indonesian Muslims navigate the digital era while preserving their religious and cultural values.
References
Adit Haptono, A., Tri Winardi, T., Hidayatulloh, R., Andhika Maheswara, P. W., Alvian Jaya, M., & Kusumastuti, E. (2016). Edukasi agama di era digital: Analisa podcast Login sebagai pemanfaatan platform YouTube untuk penyebaran dakwah dan pembelajaran keagamaan. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v9i2.14239
Adlini, M. N., Dinda, A. H., Yulinda, S., Chotimah, O., & Merliyana, S. J. (2022). Metode penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 974–980. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394
Agustina, A., Setya, A., Devit, S., Indranika, B., Suryoto, Kusumaningsih, O., Mamuri, J., & Pazqara, E. W. (2022). Increasing digital literacy in realizing golden Indonesia. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(10), 2091–2108. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v1i10.1920
Alamsyah, I. L., Aulya, N., & Satriya, S. H. (2024). Transformasi media dan dinamika komunikasi dalam era digital: Tantangan dan peluang ilmu komunikasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Research Student, 1(3), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.61722/jirs.v1i3.554
APPJII: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. (2024). Survei penetrasi internet Indonesia 2024. https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-jumlah-pengguna-internet-indonesia-tembus-221-juta-orang
Arini, M. A. D., Rahayu, P., & Machfudz, M. (2021). Kontribusi Islam terhadap perkembangan sains dan teknologi abad 21. Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya, 27(1), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.33503/paradigma.v27i1.1318
Aslinda, A., Elhusen, S. K., Lahmi, A., Asmaret, D., & Dahlan, D. (2024). Islam Indonesia: Telaah konstruksi identitas muslim tradisional dan muslim modernis. Progressive of Cognitive and Ability, 3(3), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.56855/jpr.v3i3.1150
Azhima, N., Dita Puspito, I., Ariyanto, B., Sakinah, N., & Raning Tyas, R. (2023). Podcast sebagai media baru dakwah di era digital. Da’watuna: Journal of Communication and Islamic Broadcasting, 3(1), 589–598. https://doi.org/10.47467/dawatuna.v3i1.6561
Belostecinic, G., & Jomir, E. (2023). Digital marketing – A new stage in the evolution of the modern marketing concept. Economica, 1(123), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.53486/econ.2023.123.007
Bingaman, K. A. (2023). Religion in the digital age: An irreversible process. Religions, 14(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010108
BPS: Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Samarinda. (2024). Religion in Indonesia, 2024. https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/statictable/2024/05/17/324/agama-di-indonesia-2024.html
Chusumastuti, D., Elisabeth, C. R., Nurali, Suryadharma, M., & Sinaga, H. D. E. (2023). Gangguan digital dan transformasi ekonomi: Menganalisis dampak e-commerce terhadap industri tradisional. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan West Science, 1(03), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.58812/jekws.v1i03.508
Contreras, C., Rivas, J., Franco, R., Gómez-Plata, M., & Luengo-Kanacri, B. P. (2023). Digital media use on school civic engagement: A parallel mediation model. Comunicar, 31(75), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.3916/C75-2023-07
Dalimunthe, M. A., Pallathadka, H., Muda, I., Manoharmayum, D. D., Shah, A. H., Prodanova, N. A., Mamarajabov, M. E., & Singer, N. (2023). Challenges of Islamic education in the new era of information and communication technologies. Theological Studies/Teologiese Studies, 79(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8608
David, A., Yigitcanlar, T., Li, R. Y. M., Corchado, J. M., Cheong, P. H., Mossberger, K., & Mehmood, R. (2023). Understanding local government digital technology adoption strategies: A PRISMA review. Sustainability, 15(12), 9645. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129645
Fairuz, D., Safitri, N. K. E., & Hidayatullah, A. (2024). Peran teknologi digital dalam menyebarkan dakwah Islam di era modern dalam konten YouTube Studio Al-Fusha TV. Mu’ashir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi Islam, 2(1), 445–470. https://doi.org/10.35878/muashir.v2i1.1116
Fauzi, A., Hardjosoekarto, S., Radhiatmoko, R., Herwantoko, O., Darwan, D., Manik, E. E., & Romli, Z. (2023). Digital-social construction of willingness to pay in online marketplace: Economic sociology of the digital functional food market in Indonesia. International Sociology, 38(4), 517–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231183328
Febriyanni, R. (2023). Perkembangan logistik halal. BALANCA: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 4(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.35905/balanca.v4i1.5185
Fidan, N. K., & Olur, B. (2023). Examining the relationship between parents’ digital parenting self-efficacy and digital parenting attitudes. Education and Information Technologies, 28(11), 15189–15204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11841-2
Golan, O. (2023). Introduction: Digital youth and religion. Religions, 14(6), 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14060704
Gupta, S., Campos Zeballos, J., del Río Castro, G., Tomičić, A., Andrés Morales, S., Mahfouz, M., Osemwegie, I., Phemia Comlan Sessi, V., Schmitz, M., Mahmoud, N., & Inyaregh, M. (2023). Operationalizing digitainability: Encouraging mindfulness to harness the power of digitalization for sustainable development. Sustainability, 15(8), 6844. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086844
Gurukkal, R. (2023). Digital influx in knowledge fields. Higher Education for the Future, 10(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23476311231156678
Hadi, N. F., & Afandi, N. K. (2021). Literature review is a part of research. Sultra Educational Journal, 1(3), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v1i3.203
Hanizon, W. (2023). Urgensi nilai-nilai agama Islam dalam pendidikan anak di era digital. El-Rusyd: Jurnal Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah STIT Ahlussunnah Bukittinggi, 8(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.58485/elrusyd.v8i1.144
Haqqi, H. (2023). The government’s policy in encouraging the global competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs through the digital ecosystem. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 29(8), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2023/v29i81115
Hefner, C. (2022). Morality, religious authority, and the digital edge. American Ethnologist, 49(3), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.13088
Hidayah, Y., Nufikha Ulfah, & Meiwatizal Trihastuti. (2023). Memperkuat integrasi nasional di era digital: Penguatan resolusi konflik di era digital sebagai perwujudan warga negara yang baik. Antroposen: Journal of Social Studies and Humaniora, 2(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.33830/antroposen.v2i2.5483
Hidayat, D. N., Lee, J. Y., Mason, J., & Khaerudin, T. (2022). Digital technology supporting English learning among Indonesian university students. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 17(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-022-00198-8
Ibda, H., Sofanudin, A., Syafi’, M., Soedjiwo, N. A. F., Azizah, A. S., & Arif, M. (2023). Digital learning using Maktabah Syumilah NU 1.0 software and computer application for Islamic moderation in pesantren. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 13(3), 3530–3539. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3530-3539
Ikhsan, M., & Sukmasetya, P. (2020). Perancangan user interface aplikasi Central Islam berbasis mobile application dengan metode user centered design (UCD). Seri Prosiding Seminar Nasional: Dinamika Informatika 2020 Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, 97–103. http://prosiding.senadi.upy.ac.id/index.php/senadi/article/view/135
Iswanto, A. (2020). Keraton Yogyakarta dan praktik literasi budaya keagamaan melalui media digital. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 17(2), 321–348. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v17i2.598
Julianto, M. R., Akbar, Y., & Wahyudi, T. (2024). Analisis sentimen respon publik terhadap program internet gratis di platform X melalui pendekatan algoritma Naïve Bayes. Jurnal Indonesia: Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi (JIMIK), 5(3), 2940–2950. https://doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v5i3.981
Kemdikdasmen. (2025). Rumah pendidikan, solusi layanan informasi terintegrasi. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2025/01/rumah-pendidikan-solusi-layanan-informasi-terintegrasi
Kharisma, B. (2022). Surfing alone? The Internet and social capital: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Economic Structures, 11(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-022-00267-7
Larson, E. (2023). Smartphones and the education of religious youth in Indonesia: Highway to hell or path of righteousness? Social Compass, 71(1), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686231182251
Laskar, M. H. (2023). Examining the emergence of digital society and the digital divide in India: A comparative evaluation between urban and rural areas. Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1145221
Maghfiroh, F. M., Natalina, S. A., & Efendi, R. (2023). Transformasi ekonomi digital: Connection integration e-commerce dan s-commerce dalam upaya perkembangan ekonomi berkelanjutan. Proceedings of Islamic Economics, Business, and Philanthropy, 2(1), 1–10. https://jurnalfebi.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/proceedings
Mahanum, M. (2021). Tinjauan kepustakaan. ALACRITY: Journal of Education, 1, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.52121/alacrity.v1i2.20
Maksum, A., Abdullah, I., Mas’udah, S., & Saud, M. S. (2022). Islamic movements in Indonesia: A critical study of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia and Jaringan Islam Liberal. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 17(2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol17no2.6
Marzuki, M., & Fikri, M. (2022). Minoritas agama di sekolah mayoritas: Relasi antar umat beragama pada sekolah umum di Provinsi Aceh, Bali dan Sulawesi Utara. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan, 20(1), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v20i1.1143
Nanda, W. D., Widianingsih, I., & Miftah, A. Z. (2023). The linkage of digital transformation and tourism development policies in Indonesia from 1879–2022: Trends and implications for the future. Sustainability, 15(13), 10201. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310201
Natasari, N. (2023). Fenomena gerakan hijrah virtual: Studi grup WhatsApp Kelas Cewe Hijrah (September). El Madani: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi Islam, 4(02), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.53678/elmadani.v4i02.1440
Norrahman, R. A. (2023). Peran fintech dalam transformasi sektor keuangan syariah. JIBEMA: Jurnal Ilmu Bisnis, Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 101–126. https://doi.org/10.62421/jibema.v1i2.11
Nugraha, D. C. A., Priharsari, D., Aknuranda, I., Liliana, D. Y., Fiaji, N. A., Hanggara, B. T., Putra, M. G. L., Hendini, I. P., Rahayuda, I. G. S., & Zulvarina, P. (2021). Bantuan kuota internet untuk pendidikan dari pemerintah Indonesia: Sejauh apa manfaatnya? Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Teknologi Informasi, dan Edukasi Sistem Informasi, 1(2), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.25126/justsi.v1i2.36
Prakoso, T. (2023). Menggali sinergi dan ketegangan prinsip ekonomi Islam dengan dinamika ekonomi digital. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 1(1), 17–29.
Pramesti, S. C., & Nisa, F. L. (2024). Mendukung fintech syariah: Upaya pemerintah Indonesia dan Malaysia melalui regulasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 2(6), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i6.1533
Pranadita, N., & Suparman, E. (2020). E-commerce syariah, a concept and implementation in Indonesia. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Science and Technology for the Internet of Things (pp. 1–6). EAI. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2292109
Puspa, C. I. S., Rahayu, D. N. O., & Parhan, M. (2023). Transformasi pendidikan abad 21 dalam merealisasikan sumber daya manusia unggul menuju Indonesia emas 2045. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(5), 3309–3321. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i5.5030
Rahman, M. (2018). Multikulturalisasi pendidikan Islam sejak dini di era digital. FIKROTUNA, 7(1), 818–833. https://doi.org/10.32806/jf.v7i1.3172
Rifauddin, M., & Halida, A. N. (2023). Urgensi perpustakaan Islam digital dalam menyediakan literatur keislaman bagi muslim milenial. Tik Ilmeu: Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29240/tik.v7i1.4708
Rizki, M., Joewono, T. B., Irawan, M. Z., Belgiawan, P. F., Bastarianto, F. F., & Prasetyanto, D. (2023). Investigating influencing factors for ICT adoption that changes travel behavior in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 11, 100947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.100947
Rohmana, D. W. (2023). Peranan ekonomi digital dalam peningkatan pertumbuhan UMKM: Peluang dan tantangan. In Indonesian Proceedings and Annual Conference of Islamic Law and Sharia Economic (IPACILSE) (Vol. 1, pp. 42–48).
Rustandi, L. R. (2020). Disrupsi nilai keagamaan dalam dakwah virtual di media sosial sebagai komodifikasi agama di era digital. SANGKéP: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 3(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v3i1.1036
Sandi, M., & Shofariyani Iryanti, S. (2024). Muslim milenial dalam dinamika kurikulum merdeka belajar: Dakwah Ustad Hanan Attaki dalam diskursus pendidikan progresif. Al-I’tibar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.30599/jpia.v11i1.3262
Sanga, L. D., & Wangdra, Y. (2023). Pendidikan adalah faktor penentu daya saing bangsa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Sosial dan Teknologi (SNISTEK), 5, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.33884/psnistek.v5i.8067
Saragih, M. Y. (2023). Dynamics of Islamic journalistic communication digital era in Indonesia. Khazanah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(1), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.51178/khazanah.v1i1.1362
Sardjuningsih, S. (2022). Portrait of Indonesian religious communities attitudes toward the government policies restriction on congregational worshipping. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 10(2), 443–466. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i2.8221
Saripudin, S., & Robbani, M. D. F. (2024). Integrasi teknologi dalam pendidikan. EduTech: Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 23(3), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.17509/e.v23i3.72163
Sarker, A., Kahana, J., & Kahana, E. (2022). Internet literacy from grandchildren or younger generation: A new direction for gerontechnology. Innovation in Aging, 6(Suppl. 1), 584–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2193
Saumantri, T. (2023). Hyper religiusitas di era digital: Analisis paradigma postmodernisme Jean Baudrillard terhadap fenomena keberagamaan di media sosial. Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 20(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-mutharahah.v20i1.646
Sebastian, A. (2022). Matrilineal practices among muslims: An ethnographic study of the Minangkabau of West Sumatra. Ethnography, 24(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/14661381221147137
Shodikun, S., Hufron, M., & Subhi, M. R. (2023). Penggunaan media sosial sebagai alat strategis dalam pendidikan agama Islam. AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora, 4(1), 524–535. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i1.3982
Siahaan, M. (2024). Smartphone penetration rate in Indonesia 2020-2029. Statista. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/321485/smartphone-user-penetration-in-indonesia
Stevanus, K., & Setiawan, D. E. (2023). Significance of Islam Nusantara values in an Indonesian multicultural society. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 18(1), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol18no1.17
Sudaryo, A. (2023). Dinamika pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. INTERDISIPLIN: Journal of Qualitative and Quantitative Research, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.61166/interdisiplin.v1i1.1
Suminar, L., Maulida, N., & Rachman, I. F. (2024). Strategi peningkatan kualitas literasi digital pada masyarakat. Jurnal Bima: Pusat Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 2(2), 200–209. https://doi.org/10.61132/bima.v2i2.846
Sunara Akbar, R., Iskandar, T., Prasetyo, M. A., Damayanti, T. O., Khomaidi, M. I., Abadi, M. D., Bachtiar C.R, S., & Renhard, R. (2024). Memperkuat ketahanan nasional: Aktualisasi bela negara melalui literasi digital. Journal on Education, 6(4), 18838–18849. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i4.5867
Usriya, L., Farhan, M. N., Ainiyah, N., & Kholidah Nur, L. (2023). Digital divide (kesenjangan digital) dalam dunia pendidikan Islam. Seminar Pendidikan Agama Islam, 59–72.
Wahyudi Ar, N., Pababbari, M., Sastrawati, N., & Muliadi, M. (2023). Fungsionalisasi budaya lokal sebagai alternatif sarana dakwah di era digital. SHOUTIKA: Jurnal Studi Komunikasi dan Dakwah, 3(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.46870/almutsla.v2i1.48
Wahyuningroem, S. L., Sirait, R., Uljanatunnisa, U., & Heryadi, D. (2023). Youth political participation and digital movement in Indonesia: The case of #ReformasiDikorupsi and #TolakOmnibusLaw. F1000Research, 12, 543. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.122669.1
Yati, P., Putri, M., Yulia Putri, S., Junia, J., Susanti, R., & Clara Natalia, A. (2023). Dakwah Islam melalui media sosial sebagai sarana pendidikan. Proceeding Conference on Da’wah and Communication Studies, 2(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.61994/cdcs.v2i1.85
Yusnita, E., Prasetiyo, A. E., Hasanah, U., Octafiona, E., & Rahmatika, Z. (2023). Shaping teenagers’ moral in the digital era: Islamic education perspective. Jurnal Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Keislaman, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i1.3529
Zuhria, A. F., Kurnia, M. D., Jaja, J., & Hasanudin, C. (2020). Dampak era digital terhadap minat baca remaja. JUBAH RAJA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran, 1(2), 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30734/jr.v1i2.2871
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mukhlis, Doki Wardiman, Amelia Yetri

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.